Graphite ufa ndi mtundu wa zinthu zabwino za ufa zopangidwa ndi mpweya pambuyo pa kutentha kwambiri kwa pyrolysis kapena carbonization, ndipo chigawo chake chachikulu ndi carbon. Graphite ufa uli ndi mawonekedwe apadera, omwe ndi imvi wakuda kapena wakuda wopepuka. Kulemera kwake kwa mamolekyulu ndi 12.011.
Makhalidwe a graphite ufa akhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:
1. High conductivity ndi matenthedwe matenthedwe: graphite ufa ndi wabwino conductive ndi matenthedwe conductivity zakuthupi, ndi mkulu matenthedwe conductivity ndi conductivity. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha dongosolo lolimba komanso mawonekedwe osanjikiza a maatomu a kaboni mu graphite, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma elekitironi ndi kutentha aziyenda mosavuta.
2. Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwala: ufa wa graphite uli ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala abwino komanso kusasunthika pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino, ndipo sagwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake graphite ufa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya zipangizo zamagetsi ndi mankhwala, kutentha dzimbiri kuteteza dzimbiri, etc.
3. Ili ndi mphamvu zamakina: poyerekeza ndi zida zina za nano, ufa wa graphite uli ndi kukana kwakukulu, kukana kwa extrusion ndi kukana kwa ming'alu, zomwe zimatha kupititsa patsogolo makina azinthu kumlingo wina.
Njira zokonzekera ufa wa graphite ndizosiyanasiyana, ndipo njira zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
1. Pyrolysis pa kutentha kwambiri: kutentha graphite zachilengedwe kapena mankhwala apanga graphite galasi kutentha kwambiri (pamwamba 2000 ℃) kuwola mu graphite ufa.
2. Njira yotentha kwambiri ya carbonization: ufa wa graphite umapezeka ndi mankhwala a graphite ndi zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osanjikiza ofanana ndi graphite. Malinga ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zopangira, zitha kugawidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzekera, monga vapor chemical deposition, pyrolysis ndi carbonization.
3. Njira yamakina: kudzera m'makina akupera ndi kuwunika, ma graphite achilengedwe kapena zinthu zopangidwa ndi graphite zimakonzedwa kuti zipeze ufa wa graphite.
Njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzekera zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa khalidwe, chiyero ndi morphology ya ufa wa graphite. Muzogwiritsira ntchito, njira zokonzekera zoyenera ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana.
1. Electronic ndi mankhwala zipangizo: graphite ufa akhoza kukonzekera mu conductive ndi matenthedwe polima nsanganizo, amene ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi, mabatire, inki conductive ndi madera ena. Mwachitsanzo, mu zipangizo za electrode, ufa wa graphite ukhoza kuonjezera kusinthasintha kwa zinthuzo, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya electrochemical ya electrode, ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa batri.
2. ❖ kuyanika zipangizo: graphite ufa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza zokutira zosiyanasiyana, monga odana dzimbiri ❖ kuyanika, matenthedwe madutsidwe ❖ kuyanika, electromagnetic chishango ❖ kuyanika, etc. M'minda ya magalimoto, ndege, zomangamanga, etc. ndi graphite ufa akhoza kusintha ultraviolet kukana ndi dzimbiri kukana kwa zipangizo.
3. Chothandizira: Graphite ufa ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera chothandizira, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga organic synthesis, kupanga mankhwala ndi madera ena. Mwachitsanzo, mu hydrogenation mafuta masamba, graphite ufa pambuyo mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira kusintha zimene selectivity ndi zokolola.
4. Ceramic zipangizo: Pokonzekera zipangizo za ceramic, ufa wa graphite ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zake zamakina ndi zina mwa kulimbikitsa mphamvu. Makamaka mu cermets ndi porous ceramics, graphite ufa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
